100 个最常用英语短语动词
按 8 个核心动词分类，附中文释义、例句与可分/不可分用法。
为什么必须学：母语者日常口语里，短语动词的使用频率远高于对应的正式单词——
会说 postpone 但听不懂 put off，实际交流就断了。它们也是中国学生「单词都认识，句子听不懂」的头号原因。
1. 先搞懂可分与不可分（唯一的语法点）
| 类型 | 名词宾语 | 代词宾语 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可分（动词 + 副词） | 两种位置都行 | 必须放中间 | turn off the light / turn the light off / turn it off（✗ turn off it） |
| 不可分（动词 + 介词） | 只能放后面 | 只能放后面 | look after the baby / look after her（✗ look her after） |
| 不及物 | 不接宾语 | get up, break down, show up | |
最实用的判断：拿不准就用代词试一下。turn it off 顺口 → 可分；look it after 别扭 → 不可分。
2. 小品词的空间含义（记忆的捷径）
小品词不是随机的，它们各自有稳定的核心意象。掌握了，很多短语动词能猜出来：
up
向上 / 完成、彻底（eat up 吃光、use up 用完）/ 增加（speak up 大声点）
off
分离、脱离（take off 脱下、cut off 切断）/ 出发（set off）/ 关闭（turn off）
out
向外（go out）/ 消失、耗尽（run out 用完、die out 灭绝）/ 弄清楚（find out）
down
向下 / 停止、故障（break down 抛锚、shut down 关停）/ 记下（write down）
on = 继续（go on、carry on）、穿上（put on）；over = 检查一遍（look over）、接管（take over）；through = 从头到尾（go through）、接通（get through）。
3. 100 个高频短语动词（按核心动词分组）
GET（15 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get up | 起床 | I get up at seven. |
| get on / off | 上车 / 下车 | Get on the bus quickly. |
| get along (with) | 相处融洽 | She gets along with everyone. |
| get over | 克服；从…恢复 | It took me a week to get over the flu. |
| get through | 接通电话；熬过 | I couldn't get through to him. |
| get back | 返回；取回 | When did you get back? |
| get away | 逃脱；离开 | The thief got away. |
| get in / into | 进入（车、状态） | Get in the car. |
| get out of | 摆脱；避开 | He tried to get out of the meeting. |
| get rid of | 除掉 | I need to get rid of these old books. |
| get used to | 习惯于 | You'll get used to it. |
| get together | 聚会 | Let's get together this weekend. |
| get down to | 着手做 | Let's get down to business. |
| get across | 把…讲明白 | He got his point across clearly. |
| get by | 勉强过得去 | I can get by with my English. |
TAKE（12 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| take off | 脱下；起飞 | Take off your coat. / The plane took off. |
| take on | 承担；雇用 | She took on too much work. |
| take over | 接管 | He took over the company. |
| take up | 开始从事；占用 | I took up running last year. |
| take back | 收回（话）；退货 | I take back what I said. |
| take out | 取出；带出去 | Take out your notebook. |
| take after | 长得像（长辈） | She takes after her mother. |
| take care of | 照顾；处理 | I'll take care of it. |
| take part in | 参加 | He took part in the contest. |
| take place | 发生；举行 | The meeting takes place on Monday. |
| take apart | 拆开 | He took the radio apart. |
| take in | 理解；收留；欺骗 | It's a lot to take in. |
PUT（12 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| put on | 穿上；上演 | Put on your shoes. |
| put off | 推迟 | Don't put off today's work. |
| put up with | 忍受 | I can't put up with the noise. |
| put out | 扑灭 | They put out the fire. |
| put away | 收起来 | Put away your toys. |
| put down | 放下；写下 | Put down your pen. |
| put up | 搭建；张贴；留宿 | They put up a tent. |
| put together | 组装；汇总 | He put the report together. |
| put back | 放回 | Put the book back. |
| put through | 接通（电话） | Could you put me through to Mr. Li? |
| put aside | 搁置；存钱 | She puts aside 500 yuan a month. |
| put in | 投入；提交 | He put in a lot of effort. |
LOOK（10 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look after | 照顾 | She looks after her grandmother. |
| look for | 寻找（过程） | I'm looking for my keys. |
| look forward to | 期待（to 后接名词/动名词） | I look forward to seeing you. |
| look up | 查（词典）；好转 | Look up the word in a dictionary. |
| look up to | 敬仰 | He looks up to his teacher. |
| look down on | 看不起 | Don't look down on anyone. |
| look into | 调查 | Police are looking into the case. |
| look out | 当心 | Look out! A car! |
| look over | 快速检查一遍 | Look over your answers. |
| look like | 看起来像 | It looks like rain. |
COME & GO（16 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 短语 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come across | 偶然遇到 | go on | 继续；发生 |
| come up with | 想出（主意） | go over | 复习；仔细检查 |
| come back | 回来 | go through | 经历；仔细看 |
| come in | 进来 | go out | 出去；熄灭 |
| come out | 出版；结果是 | go up / down | 上涨 / 下降 |
| come on | 加油；快点 | go ahead | 请便；开始吧 |
| come along | 一起来；进展 | go off | 响铃；变质；离开 |
| come true | 成真 | go without | 没有…也行 |
TURN & BRING & 其他高频（35 个）
| 短语 | 中文 | 短语 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| turn on / off | 打开 / 关闭 | bring up | 抚养；提出 |
| turn up / down | 调大 / 调小；出现 / 拒绝 | bring about | 引起 |
| turn into | 变成 | bring back | 带回；使想起 |
| turn out | 结果是 | bring out | 推出（产品） |
| turn to | 求助于 | break down | 抛锚；崩溃 |
| give up | 放弃 | break up | 分手；散开 |
| give in | 屈服 | break into | 闯入 |
| give out | 分发；耗尽 | break out | 爆发（战争、火灾） |
| give back | 归还 | run out of | 用完 |
| find out | 查明 | run into | 偶遇；撞上 |
| figure out | 弄明白 | call off | 取消 |
| work out | 健身；解决；成功 | call back | 回电话 |
| carry out | 执行 | check in / out | 登记入住 / 退房 |
| carry on | 继续 | hang up | 挂断电话 |
| set up | 建立；安装 | hang on | 稍等；坚持 |
| set off | 出发；引爆 | show up | 露面 |
| make up | 编造；化妆；和好 | hold on | 别挂；坚持 |
| pick up | 捡起；接人；学会 | — | — |
4. 8 组最容易混的对照
| A | B | 差别 |
|---|---|---|
| look for | find | look for 是找的过程，find 是找到的结果 |
| look up | look up to | 查词典 vs 敬仰某人 |
| take off | put on | 脱下 vs 穿上（一对反义） |
| put off | put out | 推迟 vs 扑灭 |
| turn down | turn off | 调小音量 / 拒绝 vs 完全关掉 |
| give up | give in | 彻底放弃 vs 在压力下让步 |
| break down | break up | 机器坏了 / 人崩溃 vs 情侣分手 |
| make up | make out | 编造 / 和好 vs 勉强看清、听清 |
常见问题
正式写作里能用短语动词吗？
学术和正式商务写作偏好单词形式：用 postpone 而非 put off、用 investigate 而非 look into、用 tolerate 而非 put up with。但商务邮件、日常沟通用短语动词更自然亲切，别一刀切。
一个短语动词有好几个意思，怎么办？
先只记最高频的那一个，其余靠上下文遇到时再补。make up 有编造、化妆、和好、弥补四个常用义——一次全背反而全忘。学有余力时按「一个意思配一个例句」的方式扩展。
为什么听力里总是切不开短语动词？
因为语流里会连读：pick it up 听起来像一个词。这是连读、弱读与语音语调的问题，不是词汇量问题——把短语动词当整块声音来练，而不是当两个独立的词。
继续：英语连读、弱读与语音语调 + 1000 个最常用英语单词。